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Jan-Fishan Khan, born Sayyid Muhammed Shah, was a 19th-century Afghan warlord〔Obituary of Idries Shah, The Independent (London) of 26 November 1996.〕〔, pp. 19–26〕 who participated in the First Anglo-Afghan War and the subsequent Indian Rebellion of 1857. Jan-Fishan Khan was the son of an Afghan noble, Sayyid Qutubuddin Khan, of Paghman, the family's ancestral home in Afghanistan.〔 His family has historically claimed descent from Ali ar-Ridha, the eighth Imam,〔 through Najmuddin Kubra and the Afghan Sufi Syed Bahaudin Shah. ==Life== In the First Anglo-Afghan War, Sayyid Muhammed Shah, also known to the British as the "Laird of Pughman",〔Sale, Florentia Wynch (1844). ''A Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan, 1841-2''. London: John Murray, pp. 45, 142, 373〕 supported Shah Shuja and the British Army against other Afghan forces,〔, p. 13; reprint by Elibron Classics (2001): ISBN 978-1-4021-9328-6〕 apparently in order to honour a family allegiance to Shah Shuja.〔 In 1840, he was awarded the title "Jan-Fishan Khan" by Shah Shuja for his support.〔(Text accompanying lithograph depicting Jan-Fishan Khan, Leicester Galleries ) Retrieved on 14 November 2008.〕 According to writer James Moore, the title means "The Zealot" (however this is a misunderstanding of the meaning of the Persian idiom which can mean "zealous" in the sense of 'ready to sacrifice one's life', as it is defined in Steingass).〔 First published 1892. New edition 2007.〕〔See Steingass dictionary (on-line search )〕 One of Jan-Fishan Khan's descendants Saira Shah has correctly explained that this ''nom de guerre'' translates literally as "scatterer of souls".〔, p. 19. Also see similar interpretations of the title in (Sale (1844) ) Retrieved on 14 November 2008.〕 Shah recounts that the appellation has a double meaning: first, that of a warlord scattering the souls of his enemies, and second, one based on a Sufi couplet describing the supplicant's devotion to God: Having accompanied Sir Robert Sale's force on its march from Kabul to Jalalabad, Jan-Fishan Khan was honourably mentioned in despatches for his assistance.〔 In the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Jan-Fishan Khan again helped the British to quell the mutiny.〔Roper Lethbridge, The Golden Book of India, p13, Elibron Classics.〕〔Letter from Col. R.J.H. Birch, Secretary to the Government of India in ''Indian Mutiny 1857 - 58 -- Vol.1'' briefly mentions Khan's help for the British.〕 Lethbridge (1893) gives the following summary in ''The Golden Book of India'', a genealogical and biographical source: Exiled from Kabul ever since the British retreat from Afghanistan, Jan-Fishan Khan eventually came to settle in Sardhana, a town near Meerut in the North-Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and was given the hereditary title of Nawab of Sardhana in recognition of his services.〔 He had lost several of his sons in the fighting.〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jan-Fishan Khan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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